Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies However, when a subgroup analysis by a class of flavonoids was carried out, they concluded that these inverse associations were significant for all categories of flavonoids except for isoflavones and flavonols. aimed to compare the effects of animal and plant-sourced proteins on lipemia . 1Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; sue.uhe@zemog.aoias (S.G.-Z. They observed that it was dose-dependent at low to moderate soybean consumption. Thus, whereas Asian populations have an average isoflavone consumption of >30 mg/day, Western populations consume <1 mg/day [83]. Dong J.Y., Qin L.Q. Qiu S., Jiang C. Soy and isoflavones consumption and breast cancer survival and recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause is characterized by a decrease in estrogen levels and is often accompanied by a range of symptoms. Proof by rational experiment seems to have been. Lund S., Holman G.D., Schmitz O., Pedersen O. In this study, five prospective cohort studies and seven case-control studies, with 6275 cases and 393,776 controls, were included. Circulating isoflavone and lignan concentrations and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies including 2,828 cases and 5,593 controls. In conclusion, this study reported some evidence that suggests the beneficial role that daidzein and genistein play in preventing breast cancer risk. Zamora-Ros R., Knaze V., Rothwell J.A., Hmon B., Moskal A., Overvad K., Tjnneland A., Kyr C., Fagherazzi G., Boutron-Ruault M.C., et al. They also indicated that the discrepancies among studies could be due to the duration of the treatment, the type of isoflavone, its dose and the diet. Gee J.M., DuPont M.S., Day A.J., Plumb G.W., Williamson G., Johnson I.T. Sarri G., Pedder H., Dias S., Guo Y., Lumsden M.A. Perez-Cornago A., Appleby P.N., Boeing H., Gil L., Kyr C., Ricceri F., Murphy N., Trichopoulou A., Tsilidis K.K., Khaw K.T., et al. However, all the authors agree that further studies are necessary so as to confirm these results. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. van Erp-Baart M.A., Brants H.A., Kiely M., Mulligan A., Turrini A., Sermoneta C., Kilkkinen A., Valsta L.M. Metabolites of dietary (soya) isoflavones in human urine. Similarly, Li et al. Cheynier V., Sarni-Manchado P., Quideau S., editors. However, the authors stated that they could not reach definitive conclusions due to, among other reasons, the lack of inclusion in the review of randomized controlled clinical trials focused on the treatment of osteoporosis in early menopause. Hence, plants grow faster and healthier. (2017) included 26 trials with 2652 participants [48]. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help (2019) studied whether equol supplementation could benefit equol nonproducer subjects in lowering the incidence and severity of hot flushes [85]. Importantly, the soy variety, environmental conditions of the culture and the processing of soybeans notably influence their isoflavone content [18]. Thirty-seven articles presenting evidence of the physiological effects of viewing nature were selected. Before For this reason, the results should be interpreted with caution, and more randomized clinical trials are required. aimed to compare the effects of animal and plant-sourced proteins on lipemia and blood pressure [60]. In Japanese men, pre-diagnostic circulating levels of genistein, daidzein and equol did not significantly affect prostate cancer risk. Focusing on the overall intake of isoflavones in humans, several studies have reported varied results. Therefore, the authors concluded that the intake of dietary isoflavones paid a protective role against ovarian cancer. Adlercreutz H., Markkanen H., Watanabe S. Plasma concentrations of phyto-oestrogens in Japanese men. Effects of isoflavones in cardiovascular disease-related markers. Kelly G.E., Nelson C., Waring M.A., Joannou G.E., Reeder A.Y. aimed to compare the effects of animal and plant-sourced proteins on lipemia . However, it is important to point out that the beneficial effects of soy isoflavone consumption have been exhibited by women with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, but not by women with receptor-positive breast cancer, who present a better prognosis [62]. The authors concluded that evidence for the role of isoflavones and soy products in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases was scarce and inconclusive. [12,42]. But that doesn't mean that they dig in their heels and argue about it. Study duration ranged from four weeks to two years, with a median of 12 weeks. The authors suggested that this difference could be due to different genetic backgrounds and dietary patterns among Asian and Western populations. They performed a separated meta-analysis for each of the interventions, including dietary soy isoflavones (including four studies), supplements and extracts of soy isoflavones (including six studies) and red clover isoflavones (including seven studies). Possible mechanism of action of isoflavones for cancer prevention. In addition, several studies have observed that the urine excretion of daidzein metabolites is notably higher than that of genistein metabolites [44,45,46]. Of those, 35 have 4 / 3, which can be demonstrated by having a computer generate the 3375 combinations and count those that satisfy the criterion.Therefore, by chance alone, one would expect 35/3375 or about 1/96 studies to exhibit as good a coincidence with the full moon as that observed by the authors. They discuss their differences and resolve the discrepancies, if possible. Only one study examined the effects of red clover on night sweats, and a significant association was found, which showed a decreased frequency in night sweats. ); sue.uhe@ollitrop.yupairam (M.P.P. Reduction of the endometrial thickness in North American women (for 0.23 mm). EFSA Pannel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Added to Food (ANS) Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food su pplements containing isola ted isoflavones. The aim of the present review is to gather the scientific evidence existing nowadays on the main beneficial effects of isoflavones on health: bone health, cardiovascular risk, cancer and menopausal symptoms. You et al. A significant 19% reduction of the risk was found at high concentrations of daidzein, but not at genistein or equol concentrations. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. The site is secure. Daidzein, genistein and glycitein occur naturally in the aglycone form, and thus their absorption is faster than that of others. The authors suggested that further studies grouping subjects by isoflavone intake or by the circulating isoflavone levels might enhance this association. Interestingly, soy protein isolate (void of isoflavones through alcoholic extraction during the protein solation phase) did not show these effects. ; Project Administration, M.P.P. Sfakianos J., Coward L., Kirk M., Barnes S. Intestinal uptake and biliary excretion of the isoflavone genistein in rats. Further, Chalvon-Demersay et al. Zaheer K., Humayoun Akhtar M. An updated review of dietary isoflavones: Nutrition, processing, bioavailability and impacts on human health. ), 2CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain, 3Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain. The four chemical forms of the three most abundant isoflavones. By contrast, it seems that soy isoflavones do not lead to a meaningful protective effect on cardiovascular risk. However, in the meta-analysis, a minor enhancement in flow-mediated dilation after soy protein supplementation was found. Postprandial lipemia detects the effect of soy protein on cardiovascular disease risk compared with the fasting lipid profile. Potential mechanism of action of isoflavones on bone metabolism. Indeed, Kim and Je (2017) indicated that a high intake of flavonoids is associated with a reduced risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in men and women [56]. Among the wide variety of flavonoids, isoflavones are one of the most renowned. (2015), the authors examined the efficacy of phytoestrogens in reducing hot flushes [86]. In contrast, the effects on bone resorption biomarkers were more favorable in overweight or obese women than in women with a healthy weight. Received 2020 Nov 30; Accepted 2020 Dec 15. ); sue.uhe@zelaznog.enatiam (M.G.-A. Soy isoflavones consumption and risk of breast cancer incidence or recurrence: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. In this sense, the authors suggested that the composition of the gut microflora may influence isoflavone absorption and metabolism and could affect the production of isoflavone metabolites, which, in turn, could mediate their biological activity. and A.F.-Q. Isoflavones (high dose: 0.675.5 mg/day; and low dose: 0.0120.1 mg/day). Effects of isoflavones in different cancer types. Moreover, sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) allows phenolic compound-glycosylates to directly enter into epithelial cells, where they are hydrolyzed by cytosolic glucosidases [30,31]. Hua X., Yu L., You R., Yang Y., Liao J., Chen D. Association among Dietary Flavonoids, Flavonoid Subclasses and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis. FOIA 19% reduction in endometrial cancer risk. You J., Sun Y., Bo Y., Zhu Y., Duan D., Cui H., Lu Q. In the same line, in European men, isoflavone concentrations did not affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. THE effect of light on plant life has been the subject of many scientific investigations. No association between isoflavone consumption and gastric cancer risk with the highest versus the lowest categories of dietary isoflavone intake, 30252 perimenopausal or postmenopausal women/report (1753 in total), Reduction of hot flush frequency (vs. placebo), Slight and slow attenuation of hot flushes (vs. estradiol), Slight and slow attenuation of hot flushes (vs. non-hormonal drugs), Soy isoflavones: 33200 mg/day and 6 g soy extract/day, Equol or isoflavone in equol-producers more effective than placebo, Reduction of VSM (hot flushes and night sweats) compared to placebo, Reduction of hot flush frequency by means of dietary isoflavones and supplements), 51403 menopausal and postmenopausal women, Beneficial effects of isoflavones (vs. placebo), 40403 menopausal and postmenopausal women. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal For this reason, the results should be interpreted with caution, and more randomized clinical trials are required. From laboratory experiments, it's known that light intensities as low as 0.1 lux (approximately 0.01 foot-candle) during the night can influence photoperiodic time measurement in some plants and animals. Isoflavones are phenolic compounds with a chemical structure similar to that of estradiol. That's what behavioral ecologist Jenny York learned while studying white-browed sparrow weavers . Rienks et al. Metabolism of intraruminally administered [4-. and J.T. Bhathena S.J., Velasquez M.T. Most would agree that the daily rising and falling of the moon, along with the monthly waxing and waning cycles, have effects on our oceans and seas. Effects of isoflavones in menopausal symptoms. Two meta-analyses, which covered prospective cohort studies, showed that soy isoflavone consumption was not associated significantly with mortality linked to cardiovascular events [56,62]. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. A total of 16 studies were included in their meta-analysis with a range of 24 to 236 subjects. Consensus: Soy isoflavones as a first-line approach to the treatment of menopausal vasomotor complaints. Hosoda K., Furuta T., Yokokawa A., Ishii K. Identification and quantification of daidzein-7-glucuronide-4-sulfate, genistein-7-glucuronide-4-sulfate and genistein-4,7-diglucuronide as major metabolites in human plasma after administration of kinako. ; Funding Acquisition, M.P.P. In this systematic review, 123 studies were included, with a total number of 516,330 participants. However, the magnitude of risk reduction in Asian women was slightly larger than in non-Asian women (22% vs. 18%). (2016) published a meta-analysis of 13 case-control and four prospective cohort studies, where the results revealed that soy isoflavone consumption reduced the risk of developing colorectal cancer by 23% [79]. A., Sermoneta C., Kilkkinen A., Sermoneta C., Waring M.A., Joannou,! 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